《OpenCV3计算机视觉》 ── Python语言实现(原书第2版)
作者:Joe Minichino&Joseph Howse著 刘波 苗贝贝 史斌 译
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作者:Joe Minichino&Joseph Howse著 刘波 苗贝贝 史斌 译
值哈希算法、差值哈希算法和感知哈希算法都是值越小,相似度越高,取值为0-64,即汉明距离中,64位的hash值有多少不同。 三直方图和单通道直方图的值为0-1,值越大,相似度越高。
import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
import requests
from io import BytesIO
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def aHash(img):
# 均值哈希算法
# 缩放为8*8
img = cv2.resize(img, (8, 8))
# 转换为灰度图
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# s为像素和初值为0,hash_str为hash值初值为''
s = 0
hash_str = ''
# 遍历累加求像素和
for i in range(8):
for j in range(8):
s = s+gray[i, j]
# 求平均灰度
avg = s/64
# 灰度大于平均值为1相反为0生成图片的hash值
for i in range(8):
for j in range(8):
if gray[i, j] > avg:
hash_str = hash_str+'1'
else:
hash_str = hash_str+'0'
return hash_str
def dHash(img):
# 差值哈希算法
# 缩放8*8
img = cv2.resize(img, (9, 8))
# 转换灰度图
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
hash_str = ''
# 每行前一个像素大于后一个像素为1,相反为0,生成哈希
for i in range(8):
for j in range(8):
if gray[i, j] > gray[i, j+1]:
hash_str = hash_str+'1'
else:
hash_str = hash_str+'0'
return hash_str
def pHash(img):
# 感知哈希算法
# 缩放32*32
img = cv2.resize(img, (32, 32)) # , interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC
# 转换为灰度图
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 将灰度图转为浮点型,再进行dct变换
dct = cv2.dct(np.float32(gray))
# opencv实现的掩码操作
dct_roi = dct[0:8, 0:8]
hash = []
avreage = np.mean(dct_roi)
for i in range(dct_roi.shape[0]):
for j in range(dct_roi.shape[1]):
if dct_roi[i, j] > avreage:
hash.append(1)
else:
hash.append(0)
return hash
def calculate(image1, image2):
# 灰度直方图算法
# 计算单通道的直方图的相似值
hist1 = cv2.calcHist([image1], [0], None, [256], [0.0, 255.0])
hist2 = cv2.calcHist([image2], [0], None, [256], [0.0, 255.0])
# 计算直方图的重合度
degree = 0
for i in range(len(hist1)):
if hist1[i] != hist2[i]:
degree = degree + \
(1 - abs(hist1[i] - hist2[i]) / max(hist1[i], hist2[i]))
else:
degree = degree + 1
degree = degree / len(hist1)
return degree
def classify_hist_with_split(image1, image2, size=(256, 256)):
# RGB每个通道的直方图相似度
# 将图像resize后,分离为RGB三个通道,再计算每个通道的相似值
image1 = cv2.resize(image1, size)
image2 = cv2.resize(image2, size)
sub_image1 = cv2.split(image1)
sub_image2 = cv2.split(image2)
sub_data = 0
for im1, im2 in zip(sub_image1, sub_image2):
sub_data += calculate(im1, im2)
sub_data = sub_data / 3
return sub_data
def cmpHash(hash1, hash2):
# Hash值对比
# 算法中1和0顺序组合起来的即是图片的指纹hash。顺序不固定,但是比较的时候必须是相同的顺序。
# 对比两幅图的指纹,计算汉明距离,即两个64位的hash值有多少是不一样的,不同的位数越小,图片越相似
# 汉明距离:一组二进制数据变成另一组数据所需要的步骤,可以衡量两图的差异,汉明距离越小,则相似度越高。汉明距离为0,即两张图片完全一样
n = 0
# hash长度不同则返回-1代表传参出错
if len(hash1) != len(hash2):
return -1
# 遍历判断
for i in range(len(hash1)):
# 不相等则n计数+1,n最终为相似度
if hash1[i] != hash2[i]:
n = n + 1
return n
def getImageByUrl(url):
# 根据图片url 获取图片对象
html = requests.get(url, verify=False)
image = Image.open(BytesIO(html.content))
return image
def PILImageToCV():
# PIL Image转换成OpenCV格式
path = "/Users/waldenz/Documents/Work/doc/TestImages/t3.png"
img = Image.open(path)
plt.subplot(121)
plt.imshow(img)
print(isinstance(img, np.ndarray))
img = cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(img), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
print(isinstance(img, np.ndarray))
plt.subplot(122)
plt.imshow(img)
plt.show()
def CVImageToPIL():
# OpenCV图片转换为PIL image
path = "/Users/waldenz/Documents/Work/doc/TestImages/t3.png"
img = cv2.imread(path)
# cv2.imshow("OpenCV",img)
plt.subplot(121)
plt.imshow(img)
img2 = Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.subplot(122)
plt.imshow(img2)
plt.show()
def bytes_to_cvimage(filebytes):
# 图片字节流转换为cv image
image = Image.open(filebytes)
img = cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(image), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
return img
def runAllImageSimilaryFun(para1, para2):
# 均值、差值、感知哈希算法三种算法值越小,则越相似,相同图片值为0
# 三直方图算法和单通道的直方图 0-1之间,值越大,越相似。 相同图片为1
# t1,t2 14;19;10; 0.70;0.75
# t1,t3 39 33 18 0.58 0.49
# s1,s2 7 23 11 0.83 0.86 挺相似的图片
# c1,c2 11 29 17 0.30 0.31
if para1.startswith("http"):
# 根据链接下载图片,并转换为opencv格式
img1 = getImageByUrl(para1)
img1 = cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(img1), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
img2 = getImageByUrl(para2)
img2 = cv2.cvtColor(np.asarray(img2), cv2.COLOR_RGB2BGR)
else:
# 通过imread方法直接读取物理路径
img1 = cv2.imread(para1)
img2 = cv2.imread(para2)
hash1 = aHash(img1)
hash2 = aHash(img2)
n1 = cmpHash(hash1, hash2)
print('均值哈希算法相似度aHash:', n1)
hash1 = dHash(img1)
hash2 = dHash(img2)
n2 = cmpHash(hash1, hash2)
print('差值哈希算法相似度dHash:', n2)
hash1 = pHash(img1)
hash2 = pHash(img2)
n3 = cmpHash(hash1, hash2)
print('感知哈希算法相似度pHash:', n3)
n4 = classify_hist_with_split(img1, img2)
print('三直方图算法相似度:', n4)
n5 = calculate(img1, img2)
print("单通道的直方图", n5)
print("%d %d %d %.2f %.2f " % (n1, n2, n3, round(n4[0], 2), n5[0]))
print("%.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f %.2f " % (1-float(n1/64), 1 -
float(n2/64), 1-float(n3/64), round(n4[0], 2), n5[0]))
plt.subplot(121)
plt.imshow(Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img1, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)))
plt.subplot(122)
plt.imshow(Image.fromarray(cv2.cvtColor(img2, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)))
plt.show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
p1="https://ww3.sinaimg.cn/bmiddle/007INInDly1g336j2zziwj30su0g848w.jpg"
p2="https://ww2.sinaimg.cn/bmiddle/007INInDly1g336j10d32j30vd0hnam6.jpg"
runAllImageSimilaryFun(p1,p2)
参考资料: https://blog.csdn.net/enter89/article/details/90293971
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